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Increases in the anion gap are seen with excessive acid production or with addition of exogenous acids. The differential for an increased anion gap acidosis can be readily recalled using the mnemonic "CAT MUD PILES" ：

• Carbon monoxide, Cyanide,
• Alcoholic ketoacidosis,
• Toluene,
• Methanol,
• Uremia,
• Diabetic ketoacidosis,
• Paraldehyde, Phenformin,
• Iron, Isoniazid,
• Lactic acidosis,
• Ethylene glycol,
• Salicylates.