Biliary colic 應避免使用 morphine

Q: What is the potential problem with giving intravenous morphine to a patient with biliary colic?

A: Morphine, while potentially providing pain relief, can cause problems in patients with biliary colic of acute cholecystitis as it can induce spasm of the sphincter of Oddi. The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory diclofenac has been shown to reduce pain in patients with biliary colic, but trials are lacking to assess its effects in patients with acute cholecystitis.

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New England Journal of Medicine - Vol. 358, No. 26, June 26, 2008